Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 85 (3), 207-213 (2001)


-Current Perspective- (1S,2R)-1-Phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide(PPDC), a New Class of NMDA-Receptor Antagonist: Molecular Design by a Novel Conformational Restriction Strategy

Satoshi Shuto1,*, Kiyonori Yoshii2 and Akira Matsuda1

1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
2Department of Biochemical Engineering and Science, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
*Corresponding author. FAX: +81-11-706-4980
E-mail: shu@pharm.hokudai.ac.jp


Abstract: We have found that milnacipran, a clinically useful antidepressant due to its inhibition of the re-uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline, is also a non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Based on the cyclopropane structure of milnacipran, conformationally restricted analogs were designed and synthesized. Of these analogs, (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) is 30-fold stronger than milnacipran as an NMDA-receptor antagonist with virtually no inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitter re-uptake. PPDC was identified as a new class of NMDA-receptor antagonist because it has a mode of action different from that of the previous antagonists; it selectivly binds the GluRe3/GluRz1 and GluRe4/GluRzl subtype receptors in an agonist-independent allosteric manner. Functional assays of PPDC with the Xenopus oocytes system and cultured mouse neurons under voltage-clamp conditions confirmed that it acts as a potent NMDA-receptor antagonist. PPDC effectively protected against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both cultured mouse cerebral cortex and delayed neuronal death in a gerbil ischemic model. It was also active in a reserpine-treated mouse Parkinsons disease model. Thus, PPDC may be a candidate for a clinically useful NMDA-receptor antagonist, since the development of previous NMDA-receptor antagonists as drugs has been hindered by various undesirable side effects.

Keywords: Conformationally restricted analog, Cyclopropane, Milnacipran, NMDA receptor, (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC)

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